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Weight loss causes increased mortality: cons.

D Yang1, K R Fontaine, C Wang

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|March 1, 2003
PubMed
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Intentional weight loss (IWL) in obese individuals may improve health and potentially increase longevity. Current evidence suggests IWL likely does not increase, and may decrease, mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Obesity research
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to chronic diseases like heart disease and type-2 diabetes.
  • Intentional weight loss (IWL) shows short-term health benefits for obese individuals.
  • The long-term impact of IWL on longevity remains a key research question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between intentional weight loss and mortality rates in obese populations.
  • To synthesize evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials on IWL and longevity.
  • To address methodological limitations in existing research on body mass index (BMI) and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epidemiological studies distinguishing between intentional weight loss (IWL) and unintentional weight loss (UWL).

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  • Inclusion of recent studies with conservative analytic approaches and confounder adjustments.
  • Review of controlled clinical trials examining weight loss interventions and mortality outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Epidemiological studies suggest apparently IWL neither increases nor decreases mortality.
    • Methodological limitations exist in studies designed to test IWL's effect on mortality.
    • Controlled trials provide some evidence that IWL may reduce mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Existing studies have limitations in definitively assessing IWL's impact on mortality.
    • Medically recommended IWL is unlikely to increase mortality and probably decreases it.
    • Further research with improved study designs is needed to confirm the longevity benefits of IWL.