Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Chronic lung disease of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation: a population-based study

Mithilesh K Lal1, Bradley N Manktelow, Elizabeth S Draper

  • 1Neonatal Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom. mithilesh.lal@doctors.org.uk

Pediatrics
|March 4, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants face increased mortality and chronic lung disease (CLD) risks. Large for gestational age (LGA) infants show a reduced risk of CLD. Fetal growth significantly impacts preterm infant outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology

Background:

  • Preterm infants are at high risk for mortality and chronic lung disease (CLD).
  • Fetal growth, assessed by birth weight percentiles, may influence neonatal outcomes.
  • Understanding the impact of SGA and LGA status on preterm infant morbidity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the risk of CLD in preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA) versus those appropriately grown (reference) and large for gestational age (LGA).
  • To evaluate the association between fetal growth status and mortality in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study of preterm infants (< or = 32 weeks' gestation) born between 1995-1999 in the Trent Health Region, UK.
  • Infants classified as SGA (<10th percentile), appropriately grown (25th-75th percentile), and LGA (>=90th percentile) based on birth weight percentiles.
  • Mortality and CLD rates assessed at 28 days and 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA).

Main Results:

  • SGA preterm infants had significantly higher mortality rates before 28 days and 36 weeks' PMA compared to appropriately grown infants (OR 2.00-2.01).
  • SGA infants demonstrated a greater risk of developing CLD at both 28 days and 36 weeks' PMA (OR 1.34-1.87).
  • LGA infants showed a trend towards reduced CLD incidence, which was statistically significant at 36 weeks' PMA (OR 0.55).

Conclusions:

  • Fetal growth status significantly influences both mortality and CLD risk in preterm infants.
  • SGA preterm infants are at substantially higher risk for adverse outcomes, including death and CLD.
  • LGA status appears to be protective against CLD in preterm infants.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...