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Effect of oral contraceptives on respiratory function.

S S Resmi¹, Elizabeth Samuel, C Kesavachandran

¹School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686 560.

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|March 5, 2003

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Oral contraceptives significantly alter lung function, increasing vital capacity (VC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). However, they decrease expiratory flow rates, potentially due to hormonal effects on breathing mechanics.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Physiology
Endocrinology
Women's Health

Background:

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used by women of reproductive age.
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly from progestins in OCs, may influence physiological processes beyond reproduction.
The impact of OCs on respiratory function remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of oral contraceptive use on key lung function parameters.
To compare pulmonary function in women using OCs versus a control group.

Main Methods:

Lung function tests were performed using a Spirometer (Vitallograph Compact II).
Participants included women administered oral contraceptives and a normal control group.
Standard spirometry measurements were recorded.

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Main Results:

A significant increase in vital capacity (VC) was observed in OC users compared to controls.
Significant decreases were noted in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/vital capacity (FEV1/VC%) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) in OC users.
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) increased, while forced expiratory flow rate (FEF75-85%) and FEF75% decreased in the OC group.

Conclusions:

Oral contraceptive use leads to significant alterations in lung function, including increased VC and PEF.
Decreased expiratory flow rates (FEF75-85%, FEF75%) may indicate altered breathing dynamics or neuromuscular coordination.
Progestin components in OCs might induce hyperventilatory changes, affecting lung volumes and flow rates.