Cytochrome c is transformed from anti- to pro-oxidant when interacting with truncated oncoprotein prothymosin alpha

Many apoptotic signals are known to induce release to cytosol of cytochrome c, a small mitochondrial protein with positively charged amino acid residues dominating over negatively charged ones. On the other hand, in this group, it was shown that prothymosin alpha (PT), a small nuclear protein where 53 of 109 amino acid residues are negatively charged, is truncated to form a protein of 99 amino acid residues which accumulates in cytosol during apoptosis [FEBS Lett. 467 (2000) 150]. It was suggested that positively charged cytochrome c and negatively charged truncated prothymosin alpha (tPT), when meeting in cytosol, can interact with each other. In this paper, such an interaction is shown. (1) Formation of cytochrome cz.ccirf;tPT complex is demonstrated by a blot-overlay assay. (2) Analytical centrifugation of solution containing cytochrome c and tPT reveals formation of complexes of molecular masses higher than those of these proteins. The masses increase when the cytochrome c/tPT ratio increases. High concentration of KCl prevents the complex formation. (3) In the complexes formed, cytochrome c becomes autoxidizable; its reduction by superoxide or ascorbate as well as its operation as electron carrier between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes appear to be inhibited. (4) tPT inhibits cytochrome c oxidation by H(2)O(2), catalyzed by peroxidase. Thus, tPT abolishes all antioxidant functions of cytochrome c which, in the presence of tPT, becomes in fact a pro-oxidant. A possible role of tPT in the development of reactive oxygen species- and cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis is discussed.