Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A physics-driven neural network with parameter embedding for generating quantitative MR maps from weighted images.

Medical physics·2026
Same author

Cobalt Pyrene-Quaterpyridine Molecular Complex Immobilized on Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Robust Hybrid Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Treatment of spider nevus-induced vitiligo using pulsed dye laser in a child.

Lasers in medical science·2025
Same author

Identification of genomic biomarkers of disease progression and survival in primary CNS lymphoma.

Blood advances·2024
Same author

Long-term prescribed drug use in stage I-III rectal cancer patients in Sweden, with a focus on bowel-regulating drugs after surgical and oncological treatment.

Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice·2024
Same author

Correction to "Visible-Light-Driven CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction with Homobimetallic Complexes. Cooperativity between Metals and Activation of Different Pathways".

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2023
Same journal

The gatekeeper: How PSY1 controls root growth.

The Plant cell·2026
Same journal

OsOSCA2.4 regulates post-Golgi trafficking of storage proteins by modulating Ca2+ homeostasis in rice endosperm.

The Plant cell·2026
Same journal

Age-dependent epigenetic control of flavonoid metabolism underlies chemical defenses in ancient Ginkgo biloba.

The Plant cell·2026
Same journal

The CDC48A-PUX10 Complex Regulates Peroxisomal Protein Homeostasis via Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation in Arabidopsis.

The Plant cell·2026
Same journal

VvNUP96-VvTCP15 coupling regulates growth and salt tolerance via a VvmiR319c-VvTCP4 module in grapevine.

The Plant cell·2026
Same journal

CitNAC71-CitNAC76 coordinate cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis to regulate high-temperature-mediated granulation in citrus.

The Plant cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
11:04

Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

Published on: December 1, 2015

EMF genes maintain vegetative development by repressing the flower program in Arabidopsis.

Yong-Hwan Moon1, Lingjing Chen, Rong Long Pan

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

The Plant Cell
|March 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic Flower (EMF) genes EMF1 and EMF2 repress flower development, maintaining vegetative growth. EMF mutants prematurely activate floral genes, indicating EMF genes control the switch to reproductive fate.

More Related Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
12:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Published on: January 15, 2016

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
05:22

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
11:04

Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

Published on: December 1, 2015

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
12:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Published on: January 15, 2016

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
05:22

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Genetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes, EMF1 and EMF2, are crucial for maintaining vegetative development and suppressing premature flowering.
  • EMF1 functions as a transcriptional regulator, while EMF2 is a homolog of Polycomb group proteins, suggesting complex regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene expression profiles of emf mutants using GeneChip technology.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which EMF genes repress floral organ development and maintain vegetative growth.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling of emf1 and emf2 mutants compared to wild-type plants using GeneChip technology.
  • Analysis of ectopic expression of floral organ genes in emf seedlings.
  • Investigation of the regulatory relationship between EMF1 and key flowering time genes (CO, FT, LFY, etc.).

Main Results:

  • emf1 and emf2 mutants exhibit highly overlapping expression changes, confirming their functional similarity.
  • Germinating emf seedlings display expression profiles resembling Arabidopsis flowers and ectopically express floral organ genes.
  • EMF1 does not appear to directly regulate key flowering genes like CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), or LEAFY (LFY).

Conclusions:

  • EMF genes repress the floral developmental program, ensuring vegetative growth.
  • The repression mechanism mediated by EMF genes is independent of major flowering time pathways (CO, FT, LFY).
  • A novel mechanism for EMF-mediated floral repression is proposed, highlighting the distinct role of EMF genes in plant development.