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Does using a laparoscopic approach to cholecystectomy decrease the risk of surgical site infection?

Chesley Richards¹, Jonathan Edwards, David Culver

¹Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cir6@cdc.gov

Annals of Surgery

|March 5, 2003

Summary

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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly reduces surgical site infections (SSIs) compared to open procedures. This minimally invasive approach offers a safer alternative for patients undergoing gallbladder removal, lowering infection risk.

Area of Science:

Surgical Oncology
Infectious Diseases
Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers benefits like shorter hospital stays and fewer complications.
The specific impact of laparoscopy on surgical site infection (SSI) risk remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) after cholecystectomy.
To compare SSI rates between laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy procedures.

Main Methods:

An epidemiological analysis of 54,504 inpatient cholecystectomy cases from 1992-1999.
Data sourced from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System in the United States.

Main Results:

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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy use increased from 59% to 79% between 1992 and 1999.
The overall SSI rate was significantly lower for laparoscopic procedures versus open procedures.
Adjusting for risk factors confirmed a lower SSI risk with the laparoscopic technique.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a reduced risk of surgical site infections compared to open cholecystectomy.
SSI rates after cholecystectomy necessitate stratification by surgical technique for accurate comparisons.