Family intervention in schizophrenia--impact on family burden and attitude

This study focuses on the effect of psycho-educative family therapy on the self-assessed burden in families in which one member has suffered from relapse of schizophrenia or a schizoaffective syndrome. The impact on the family's self-assessed attitude towards continuing to take care of the patient was also evaluated. Burden and attitude were assessed continuously during a period that contained no further relapse episodes.

Included were 31 families in which one family member suffered from schizophrenia or a schizoaffective syndrome. Of these, 14 families underwent a psycho-educative intervention programme called BFT (Behavioural Family Therapy). The remaining 17 families, i. e. the contrast group, received conventional family support. The intervention was initiated within 24 h after the patient/family member was admitted to a psychiatric ward due to relapse of the psychotic disorder. The intervention continued until the patient was discharged from hospital. Falloon's Distress Scale and Attitude Scale were used in the families' self-assessments of burden and attitude towards continuing to take care of the patient, respectively. The self-assessments were performed on three occasions: 1) on the day of admission to the ward, or the day after; 2) 4-5 weeks after admission; and 3) on the day of discharge, or the day after. Medication doses were registered upon admission and at the time of discharge. Finally, the rates of re-occurring relapses within 1 year after discharge from hospital were determined, i. e. 1 year after the completion of the family treatment programme. The BFT families had access to the therapist for questions after the programme had been completed, when needed. The patients and families in the contrast group had access to physicians and therapists in the outpatient care.

The self-assessed family burden was significantly lower for the BFT families at the time of discharge, compared to the contrast group, and the self-assessed attitude towards continuing to take care of the patient was significantly more positive for the BFT families at the time of discharge, compared to the contrast families. One patient in the BFT group relapsed within 1 year, whereas 13 patients relapsed in the contrast group. The dosages of neuroleptics were significantly lower on discharge than on admission for the patients in the BFT group.

The results suggest that BFT, when provided to schizophrenic patients and their families during a hospitalisation period caused by a psychotic relapse, reduces the feeling of burden in these families. Likewise, the families' attitude towards continuing to take care of the patients was influenced in a positive way.