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PACS development in Asia.

Kiyonari Inamura1, Susumu Kousaka, Yuichiro Yamamoto

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita-city, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society
|March 7, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) adoption in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong shows increasing trends. Early assessments of PACS effectiveness are underway, with technological advancements driving diffusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Informatics
  • Health Information Technology
  • Radiology Systems

Background:

  • The historical development and installation of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in Japan between 1982 and 2002 are examined.
  • The study details the diffusion of PACS in Korea, noting a significant increase from 2000 to 2002, influenced by industry and policy factors.
  • The Hong Kong Wide Area Image Distribution/PACS Project is introduced, highlighting its current design and implementation phases utilizing advanced technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the historical trends and adoption patterns of PACS in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong.
  • To analyze factors influencing PACS diffusion, including technological advancements and healthcare policies.
  • To discuss the current status and early assessment of PACS integration with Hospital Information Systems (HIS) and Radiology Information Systems (RIS).

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Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of PACS installation data in Japanese hospitals from 1982 to 2002.
  • Description of PACS development and diffusion trends in Korea, focusing on the period 2000-2002.
  • Reporting on the design and implementation status of the Hong Kong Wide Area Image Distribution/PACS Project.

Main Results:

  • By 2002, Japan had 1468 PACS units installed, with a majority being small-to-medium size; large PACS installations often involved adding units rather than expanding existing ones.
  • The adoption of DICOM interfaces facilitated increased modality connections and PACS spread in Japan.
  • Korea experienced rapid filmless PACS diffusion from 2000-2002, driven by the absence of a domestic film industry, economic factors, and insurance reimbursement policies.

Conclusions:

  • PACS adoption in Japan has been characterized by incremental expansion and increasing connectivity through DICOM standards.
  • Policy and economic factors significantly accelerated PACS diffusion in Korea.
  • The Hong Kong project represents an advanced, resilient approach to wide-area image distribution and PACS implementation.