Decreased CCA-addition in human mitochondrial tRNAs bearing a pathogenic A4317G or A10044G mutation

Pathogenic point mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes are known to cause a variety of human mitochondrial diseases. Reports have associated an A4317G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) gene with fatal infantile cardiomyopathy and an A10044G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Gly) gene with sudden infant death syndrome. Here we demonstrate that both mutations inhibit in vitro CCA-addition to the respective tRNA by the human mitochondrial CCA-adding enzyme. Structures of these two mutant tRNAs were examined by nuclease probing. In the case of the A4317G tRNA(Ile) mutant, structural rearrangement of the T-arm region, conferring an aberrantly stable T-arm structure and an increased T(m) value, was clearly observed. In the case of the A10044G tRNA(Gly) mutant, high nuclease sensitivity in both the T- and D-loops suggested a weakened interaction between the loops. These are the first reported instances of inefficient CCA-addition being one of the apparent molecular pathogeneses caused by pathogenic point mutations in human mitochondrial tRNA genes.