In the mood for sex: the value of androgens

Androgen substitution is increasingly being employed to enhance sexual desire in women based on the assumption that low androgen levels cause low sexual desire. Sexual functioning in women is complex; therefore, decreased sexual interest can have various causes. An adequate female sexual biopsychosocial model that includes the role of androgens has not yet been developed. Moreover, a higher or lower degree of sexual desire does not form a measure for sexual satisfaction. One group of women at risk for androgen deficiency are women with pathophysiological problems that affect androgen production in the ovaries and/or adrenal glands. The available literature indicates that androgen substitution, despite leading to supraphysiological androgen levels, improves some aspects of sexual functioning, especially in women who have undergone oophorectomy. What this means in terms of satisfaction with sexual functioning in these women is not clear. We believe that, from an evidence-based point of view, testosterone substitution should only be administered as adjuvant treatment to sexological counseling in women with low libido in combination with low bioavailable androgen levels because of insufficiency of ovarian and/or adrenal function and normal estrogen levels. The routine administration of androgens to endocrinologically healthy women who have complaints of decreased sexual interest is not based on available evidence.