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Hopelessness, internal-external locus of control, and depression
Journal of Clinical Psychology
|April 1, 1976
Summary
This study found that hopelessness, characterized by negative future expectations, is strongly linked to an external locus of control and depression in undergraduate students. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of these psychological constructs.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Hopelessness is defined as a system of negative expectancies about the future.
- Internal-external locus of control refers to an individual's perception of the causes of events.
- Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between hopelessness and internal-external locus of control.
- To investigate the association between hopelessness and depression.
- To determine if hopelessness predicts external locus of control and depression.
Main Methods:
- Two samples of undergraduates (N=67 and N=44) participated.
- Participants completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale.
- The Rotter Internal-External Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were also administered.
Main Results:
- Hopelessness was found to be positively related to external locus of control.
- A significant positive correlation was observed between hopelessness and depression.
- Data from both samples supported the study's predictions.
Conclusions:
- Hopelessness is significantly associated with an external locus of control.
- Hopelessness is a relevant factor in understanding and potentially treating depression.
- These findings underscore the importance of addressing negative expectancies in psychological interventions.