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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10
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Wood dust hypersensitivity.

B H Booth, R H LeFoldt, E M Moffitt

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Occupational exposure to abiruana wood sawdust caused severe respiratory issues in two patients. Both experienced immediate and delayed airway obstruction, indicating an allergic reaction to this specific wood dust.

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    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Allergology

    Background:

    • Wood dust exposure is a known occupational hazard.
    • Specific allergens in wood dust can trigger respiratory conditions.

    Observation:

    • Two patients presented with severe respiratory difficulty post-occupational exposure to abiruana wood sawdust.
    • Immediate skin prick tests showed positive wheal-and-flare responses exclusively to abiruana wood extract.

    Findings:

    • Bronchial challenge tests confirmed acute, rapidly reversible airway obstruction in both patients.
    • One patient also exhibited a delayed, gradually reversible airway obstruction 6-8 hours later.
    • Skin tests with other wood dusts and serum precipitating antibodies were negative, suggesting specific sensitization.

    Implications:

    • Abiruana wood sawdust can act as a specific respiratory sensitizer.
    • Highlights the importance of identifying specific wood types in occupational asthma evaluations.
    • Suggests potential for both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to wood dust allergens.