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GUGULIPID: a natural cholesterol-lowering agent.

Nancy L Urizar1, David D Moore

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. nurizar@bcm.tmc.edu

Annual Review of Nutrition
|March 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Gum guggul, from the Commiphora mukul tree, lowers high lipid levels. Its active compounds, E- and Z-guggulsterone, act as antagonists for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), impacting cholesterol regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Regulation

Background:

  • Commiphora mukul resin (gum guggul) has a 2000-year history in Ayurvedic medicine.
  • Previous studies indicate gum guggul effectively reduces elevated lipid levels in animal models and humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the active compounds in gum guggul responsible for its hypolipidemic effects.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying gum guggul's lipid-lowering activity.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of active stereoisomers E- and Z-guggulsterone from Commiphora mukul resin.
  • Investigating the interaction of E- and Z-guggulsterone with the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Main Results:

  • E- and Z-guggulsterone were identified as the primary active agents in gum guggul.
  • These compounds function as antagonist ligands for the FXR, a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The hypolipidemic activity of gum guggul is likely mediated by the FXR antagonism of E- and Z-guggulsterone.
  • These findings provide a molecular basis for the traditional use of gum guggul in managing lipid disorders.

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