[Haemostatic disorders in ENT patients. Part 2: Pathophysiology, diagnostics, clinical feature and therapy]

In the first part of the medical education article on haemostatic disorders in ENT patients the basic physiology of haemostasis and main diagnostic tools were presented and discussed. The second part presents disorders of the coagulation system,thrombocyte function and blood vessels with special emphasis on clinical practice in ENT surgery. In this context, haemophilia A and B, von Willebrand disease and different forms of thrombocytopenia are of main clinical importance. Some underlying diseases such as malignomas, renal and hepatic insufficiency in combination with drug therapy (e.g.anticoagulants and thrombocyte function inhibitors) play an important role in clinical practice as well. Sepsis and haemorrhage may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Beside a systematic review, important haemostatic disorders are illustrated with case reports.