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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
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Mapping susceptibility genes for allergic diseases.

Timothy D Howard1, Deborah A Meyers, Eugene R Bleecker

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University, Health Science, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

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Genetic and environmental factors interact to cause allergic diseases like asthma. Recent genome-wide studies are identifying specific genes linked to asthma susceptibility and related traits, paving the way for new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Allergic diseases result from complex gene-environment interactions.
  • Environmental factors have been extensively studied, but genetic components are a recent focus.
  • Identifying genetic susceptibility is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes associated with asthma and atopy.
  • To understand the genetic basis of allergic disease phenotypes.
  • To explore gene-environment interactions in allergic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide screens in diverse populations.
  • Positional cloning techniques.
  • Genetic association studies.

Main Results:

  • Located susceptibility genes for asthma and atopy.
  • Identified genes for phenotypes like bronchial hyperresponsiveness and elevated IgE.
  • Advanced understanding of allergic disease pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Gene identification is crucial for understanding allergic disease development.
  • Future research will focus on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
  • This knowledge will drive novel therapeutic strategies for allergy and asthma.