Solvent ototoxicity in the rat and guinea pig

Robert Lataye¹, Pierre Campo, Benoît Pouyatos

¹Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Laboratoire de Neurotoxicité, Avenue de Bourgogne, PO Box 27, 54501 Vandoeuvre, France.

|March 14, 2003

Summary

Aromatic solvents like toluene and styrene cause hearing loss in rats but not guinea pigs. This species-dependent vulnerability is linked to differences in solvent uptake and metabolism.

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Auditory Science
Pharmacokinetics

Background:

Aromatic solvents are known to damage the auditory system.
Hearing loss from solvent exposure varies significantly between animal species.
Rats exhibit cochlear deficits, while guinea pigs show no permanent hearing loss after exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the species-specific effects of toluene and styrene on cochlear function in rats and guinea pigs.
To compare solvent concentrations in blood and urinary metabolites between species.
To explore potential pharmacokinetic and metabolic explanations for differential vulnerability.

Main Methods:

Exposure of Long-Evans rats and pigmented guinea pigs to toluene (600 ppm) and styrene (1000 ppm) for 6 hours/day over 5 days.
Assessment of cochlear function using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) at multiple time points.
Measurement of blood solvent concentrations and urinary metabolites.
Histological analysis of cochlear tissue.

Main Results:

Guinea pigs showed no change in DPOAE or cochlear pathology post-exposure.
Rats exhibited significant auditory function disruption and cochlear pathology.
Blood styrene concentrations were four times higher in rats than in guinea pigs.
Species-specific differences in solvent metabolism were observed.

Conclusions:

Cochlear function vulnerability to these aromatic solvents is highly species-dependent.
Differences in solvent uptake and metabolism likely explain the observed susceptibility variations between rats and guinea pigs.

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Solvent ototoxicity in the rat and guinea pig

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Background:

Purpose of the Study:

Main Methods:

Main Results:

Conclusions:

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