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Related Concept Videos

Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

Overview
Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

Overview
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
Protein and Protein Structures02:15

Protein and Protein Structures

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme can...
Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames

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From words to literature in structural proteomics.

Andrej Sali1, Robert Glaeser, Thomas Earnest

  • 1Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, and California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.

Nature
|March 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Advances in structural biology methods enable integrating data across biological scales. This integration aims to comprehensively describe molecular interactions and uncover fundamental principles of cellular processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Existing structural biology methods have limitations in resolution and applicability.
  • Integrating data across different biological scales is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To leverage technical advances to bridge resolution gaps in structural biology.
  • To develop a common framework for integrating structural information from atoms to cells.
  • To achieve a comprehensive understanding of molecular interactions and cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recent technical advancements in structural biology.
  • Integrating data from multiple levels of biological hierarchy.
  • Developing computational frameworks for data integration.

Main Results:

  • Expanded applicability of current structural biology techniques.
  • Reduced resolution gaps between different structural biology methods.
  • A unified approach to analyzing molecular interactions across scales.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of multi-scale structural data is now feasible.
  • This integrated approach is essential for discovering universal structural principles governing cellular functions.