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Eosinophilic meningitis.

Vincent Lo Re1, Stephen J Gluckman

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. vincent.lore@uphs.upenn.edu

The American Journal of Medicine
|March 15, 2003
PubMed
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Eosinophilic meningitis, marked by high eosinophil counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is often caused by parasitic helminth infections. Identifying these causes is key for diagnosing central nervous system diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic meningitis is a rare neurological condition.
  • It is characterized by increased eosinophils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • This condition aids in diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the various causes of eosinophilic meningitis.
  • To focus on helminthic parasites as a primary etiology.
  • To highlight the significance of CSF eosinophilia in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on eosinophilic meningitis.
  • Analysis of etiological factors, including infectious and non-infectious causes.
  • Emphasis on parasitic helminthic infections of the CNS.

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Main Results:

  • Eosinophilic meningitis is defined by specific CSF eosinophil levels (≥10 eosinophils/microL or ≥10% CSF eosinophilia).
  • Helminthic parasites, such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, are the most frequent cause.
  • Other infections and non-infectious conditions can also lead to this condition.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophilic meningitis is a significant diagnostic indicator.
  • Helminthic infections are the predominant cause of CSF eosinophilia.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies is crucial for effective patient management.