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Cancer patterns in four districts of the Transkei region--1991-1995
Nontuthuzelo I M Somdyala1, Walter F O Marasas, Francois S Venter
1PROMEC (Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, W Cape.
Background:
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is an important public health problem among the Xhosa-speaking people of the Transkei region in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, with incidence rates for males among the highest in the world.
Objectives:
To record the occurrence of cancer among men and women of all ages in four districts in the Transkei during the period 1991-1995, to identify common cancers and to compare the variations in cancer incidences in this region with incidences in Africa and the rest of the world.
Design:
Cancer registration of cases reported from all clinics and hospitals was conducted in the four selected districts.
Setting:
The districts included Centane (Kentani), Butterworth, Bizana and Lusikisiki in the Transkei region.
Methods:
Active and passive methods were used to collect data, which were analysed using the Statistical Analyses Systems (SAS) package.
Results:
The mean annual number of all cancer cases reported was 310, with age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs, world standard) of 98.2/100,000 and 74.3/100,000 for males and females, respectively. The most frequently reported cancer was OC, with mean annual ASIRs of 76.6/100,000 and 36.5/100,000 for males and females, respectively, with a male/female ratio of 2:1.
Conclusion:
The present data confirm previous reports that OC rates in Centane have consistently remained very high, whereas time-dependent changes in the incidence of OC have occurred in Butterworth, Bizana and Lusikisiki suggesting changes in the risk determinants in these districts.
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