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The Clara cells activated by acetaminophen.

Birendra Man Amatya1, Yuji Kimula, Morio Koike

  • 1Department of Human Pathology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Japan. amatyabirendra@hotmail.com

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences
|March 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Acetaminophen (AP) may harm lung Clara cells, which have high levels of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. This cellular damage could potentially trigger acute mountain sickness in high-altitude environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular toxicology
  • High-altitude physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a significant risk for high-altitude mountaineers, particularly in regions like Nepal.
  • Acetaminophen (AP), a common analgesic, is frequently used by mountaineers.
  • Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize AP and can cause cellular damage, with Clara cells in the lungs having the highest CYP concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential toxicity of acetaminophen (AP) on lung Clara cells.
  • To explore the role of Clara cells in the pathogenesis of high-altitude sickness.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of acetaminophen (AP) to C57BL/6J mice.
  • Microscopic examination of lung Clara cells following AP exposure.

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Main Results:

  • Within 8 hours, Clara cells exhibited significant cellular changes, including apical protrusion and edema.
  • Observed were swollen smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) and reduced secretory granules in Clara cells.
  • These findings indicate acute cellular injury in Clara cells following AP administration.

Conclusions:

  • Acetaminophen (AP) induces acute toxic effects in lung Clara cells.
  • The observed Clara cell impairment may contribute to the development of high-altitude sickness.
  • Caution is advised regarding AP use at high altitudes due to potential risks to Clara cells.