Traditional cardiac risk factors in individuals with chronic kidney disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly elevates cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
• CKD patients exhibit a higher prevalence of both traditional and nontraditional CVD risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review modifiable traditional risk factors for CVD in individuals across all stages of CKD.
• To describe the prevalence and CVD relationship of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and physical inactivity in CKD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on individuals with CKD.
• Analysis of modifiable traditional risk factors and their association with CVD.
• Synthesis of treatment recommendations based on CKD-specific or extrapolated evidence.

Main Results:

• Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and physical inactivity are prevalent in CKD.
• These factors are strongly linked to increased CVD development and progression in CKD patients.
• Evidence-based treatment strategies are outlined for managing these risk factors.

Conclusions:

• Managing modifiable traditional risk factors is crucial for reducing CVD burden in CKD.
• Tailored treatment approaches, utilizing available evidence, can mitigate cardiovascular risk in CKD.
• Further research is needed to optimize CVD prevention and management in CKD populations.