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Neuroimaging in developmental disorders.

Michael D Greicius1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5719, USA. greicius@stanford.edu

Current Opinion in Neurology
|March 20, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Neuroimaging studies reveal autistic individuals have larger brains, with accelerated infant growth. Research in fragile X syndrome indicates abnormal brain networks linked to behavior and protein expression.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Developmental disorders like autism and fragile X syndrome present complex challenges.
  • Neuroimaging offers a non-invasive method to study brain development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of neuroimaging in understanding autism and fragile X syndrome.
  • To highlight recent advancements and findings in the neuroimaging of these developmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent neuroimaging studies focusing on autism and fragile X syndrome.
  • Analysis of convergent findings and preliminary results from longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.

Main Results:

  • Consistent evidence shows larger brain volumes in individuals with autism, particularly evident from early childhood.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Accelerated brain growth in infancy, potentially followed by slowed growth in later childhood, is observed in autism.
  • Aberrant fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal networks are identified in fragile X syndrome, correlating with behavioral and molecular findings.

    • Conclusions:

    • Neuroimaging is a maturing, reliable in-vivo tool for studying developmental disorders.
    • Future research emphasizing larger, homogeneous groups and longitudinal designs will enhance the link between molecular biology and behavior.