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Related Experiment Videos

Amphetamine increases schedule-induced drinking reduced by negative punishment procedures.

Angeles Pérez-Padilla1, Ricardo Pellón

  • 1Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Psychopharmacology
|March 20, 2003
PubMed
Summary

d-Amphetamine increased punished schedule-induced drinking when delays were contingent on licking. This effect was not observed when delays were unsignalled, suggesting drug effects on punished behavior depend on the punishment type.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Pharmacology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • d-Amphetamine has been shown to increase schedule-induced drinking when punished by signaled delays.
  • Previous research indicated this effect might depend on the type of punisher, as no similar effect was observed with electric shock punishment.
  • Alternative explanations for amphetamine's anti-punishment effect include loss of discriminative control or increased value of delayed reinforcers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of d-amphetamine on the acquisition and maintenance of schedule-induced drinking.
  • To examine how unsignalled delays in food delivery, as a form of punishment, affect this behavior under d-amphetamine.
  • To differentiate the drug's effects from other behavioral processes.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Rats were subjected to a fixed-time 30-s food reinforcement schedule to induce polydipsia.
  • Unsignalled 10-s delays in food delivery were initiated by each lick.
  • d-Amphetamine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) to assess its effects.

Main Results:

  • d-Amphetamine demonstrated a dose-dependent effect, initially increasing and then decreasing punished schedule-induced drinking.
  • Reductions in drinking were dose-dependently observed when delays were not contingent on behavior or were present from the start of training.
  • The drug's effect was specific to the punishment contingency.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the idea that d-amphetamine enhances schedule-induced drinking suppressed by negative punishment (delays).
  • The observed effects cannot be explained by alternative processes like loss of discriminative control.
  • Drug effects on punished behavior appear to be contingent on the nature of the punishment, specifically delays in food or shock delivery.