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[Recurrent skin problems in a manatee: the diagnostic approach].

W H G Leistra¹, M J Hoyer, M Kik

¹Maatschap Dermatologie, Dierenarts Specialisten, Weesperzijde 147, 1091 ET Amsterdam.

Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde

|March 21, 2003

Summary

A 40-year-old manatee experienced chronic skin disease, diagnosed as subepidermal bullous autoimmune dermatosis. This case highlights the importance of systematic diagnostic approaches in exotic animal medicine.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Dermatology
Marine Mammal Medicine
Pathology

Background:

This case report details a 40-year-old manatee with a 15-year history of recurrent vesicular and ulcerative dermatosis, anorexia, and weight loss.
Initial diagnostic efforts included skin scrapings, microbial cultures, cytology, blood work, and skin biopsies to differentiate potential causes.

Observation:

The manatee presented with chronic, recurring skin lesions over 15 years, leading to significant weight loss and anorexia.
Despite treatment with corticosteroids, the dermatosis persisted, ultimately leading to the animal's death.

Findings:

Histopathological examination of skin biopsies strongly indicated autoimmune dermatosis, specifically subepidermal bullous autoimmune dermatosis, as the primary cause of the skin lesions.
Post-mortem examination revealed cardiac decompensation and chronic nephritis, though the direct contribution of dermatosis to mortality was undetermined.

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Implications:

This case underscores the necessity of a thorough and systematic diagnostic work-up for complex diseases in exotic animals.
It emphasizes the challenges in diagnosing and managing chronic autoimmune conditions in non-domesticated species.
The report serves as a valuable reference for veterinary professionals dealing with similar dermatological conditions in marine mammals.