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Hexapod origins: monophyletic or paraphyletic?

Francesco Nardi1, Giacomo Spinsanti, Jeffrey L Boore

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy. nardifra@unisi.it

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PubMed
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Collembola, a wingless arthropod group, represents a distinct evolutionary lineage separate from insects. This finding challenges the traditional classification of Hexapoda, impacting our understanding of arthropod phylogeny and terrestrial adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Arthropod phylogeny
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Morphological and molecular data have prompted re-evaluations of arthropod evolutionary history.
  • Collembola, a wingless group, has been traditionally classified as basal to insects within Hexapoda.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary position of Collembola using complete mitochondrial genomes.
  • To re-examine the monophyly of the taxon Hexapoda.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of genomic data.

Main Results:

  • Collembola constitutes a separate evolutionary lineage that diverged earlier than the split between many crustaceans and insects.
  • Collembola independently adapted to terrestrial life.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional taxon Hexapoda, encompassing all six-legged arthropods, is not monophyletic.
  • Collembola's evolutionary placement necessitates a revision of arthropod classification and understanding of terrestrial colonization.