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Evolution of oestrogen functions in vertebrates.

Iris G Lange1, Anita Hartel, Heinrich H D Meyer

  • 1Institute of Physiology, Centre of Milk and Food Research Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany. lange@wzw.tum.de

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|March 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Steroidal estrogens are vital hormones across all vertebrate classes, influencing reproduction and development. Their evolution, biosynthesis, and signaling pathways are conserved, highlighting their fundamental role in vertebrate physiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative endocrinology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Reproductive physiology

Background:

  • Steroidal estrogens are found across all vertebrate classes, from fish to mammals.
  • These hormones regulate key reproductive features, including metabolic, behavioral, and morphological changes in females, and also play roles in males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of estrogen's physiological functions from oviparous vertebrates to Eutherian mammals.
  • To detail estrogen biosynthesis, metabolization, and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on steroidal estrogens in vertebrates.
  • Analysis of co-evolution of estrogenic steroids, aromatase, and estrogen receptors.
  • Examination of gene identification and expression data for aromatase and estrogen receptors.

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Main Results:

  • Estrogenic steroids are widespread in vertebrates, indicating a conserved biological function.
  • The co-evolution of estrogenic steroids with their producing enzymes (aromatase) and receptors is evident across species.
  • Identification and expression of aromatase and estrogen receptor genes confirm their importance throughout vertebrate evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogens play a crucial, conserved role in vertebrate reproduction and physiology.
  • The evolutionary trajectory of estrogen function is traceable from early vertebrates to mammals.
  • Understanding estrogen pathways provides insights into vertebrate endocrinology and evolution.