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Updated: Sep 26, 2026

Examining Monosynaptic Connections in Drosophila Using Tetrodotoxin Resistant Sodium Channels
Published on: February 14, 2018
GTP-induced tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current regulates excitability in mouse and rat small diameter sensory
Mark D Baker1, Sonia Y Chandra, Yanning Ding
1Molecular Nociception Group, Department of Biology, Medawar Building, University College London, Gower Street, UK. mark.baker@ucl.ac.uk
Abstract:
Peripheral pain thresholds are regulated by the actions of inflammatory mediators. Some act through G-protein-coupled receptors on voltage-gated sodium channels. We have found that a low-threshold, persistent tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current, attributed to NaV1.9, is upregulated by GTP and its non-hydrolysable analogue GTP-gamma-S, but not by GDP. Inclusion of GTP-gamma-S (500 microM) in the internal solution led to an increase in maximal current amplitude of > 300 % within 5 min. In current clamp, upregulation of persistent current was associated with a more negative threshold for action potential induction (by 15-16 mV) assessed from a holding potential of -90 mV. This was not seen in neurones without the low-threshold current or with internal GDP (P < 0.001). In addition, persistent current upregulation depolarized neurones. At -60 mV, internal GTP-gamma-S led to the generation of spontaneous activity in initially silent neurones only when persistent current was upregulated. These findings suggest that regulation of the persistent current has important consequences for nociceptor excitability.
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