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Mouse epidermal stem cells proceed through the cell cycle.

Martine Dunnwald1, Sathivel Chinnathambi, Dana Alexandrunas

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. martine-dunnwald@uiowa.edu

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|March 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and transient amplifying (TA) cells were isolated and analyzed for cell cycle profiles. Both cell types were found to be actively cycling, challenging previous assumptions about quiescent ESCs.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • The epidermis renews continuously, maintained by undifferentiated epidermal stem cells (ESCs).
  • Historically, ESCs were believed to remain in the G0 phase of the cell cycle until needed.
  • Previous studies suggested ESCs divide slower than other basal cells, but their exact cell cycle profile remained undetermined due to lack of pure populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the precise cell cycle profiles of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and transient amplifying (TA) cells.
  • To compare cell cycle profiles across different ages and anatomical locations.
  • To investigate the expression of cell cycle-associated genes in ESCs and TA cells.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of pure populations of ESCs and TA cells from murine neonatal and adult skin using a novel sorting method.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of cell cycle profiles using flow cytometry (G0/G1, S, G2/M phases).
  • Gene expression analysis using a cell cycle chip and detection of proliferation markers (BrdU, cyclin B1).

    • Main Results:

    • Neonatal skin contained twice the number of ESCs compared to adult tissues.
    • Both ESCs and TA cells were found to be actively cycling.
    • ESCs exhibited a cell cycle profile of approximately 96% in G0/G1 and 4% in S-G2/M.
    • TA cells showed a profile of approximately 85% in G1 and 15% in S-G2/M.
    • p57 was upregulated in ESCs, while proliferation-associated genes were upregulated in TA cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) do proceed through the cell cycle, contrary to previous assumptions of strict quiescence.
    • The cell cycle profile of adult TA cells correlates with the proliferative state of their resident tissue.
    • There are more dividing TA cells than ESCs, indicating a greater contribution of TA cells to epidermal turnover.