Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

DNA vaccines.

Methods in molecular medicine·2011

Same author

The second Geneva Consensus: Recommendations for novel live TB vaccines.

Vaccine·2010

Same author

Public health. The cholera crisis in Africa.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2009

Same author

Topic in Review: Vaccines in the 21st century.

The Western journal of medicine·2008

Same author

Pre-clinical evaluation of a CEA DNA prime/protein boost vaccination strategy against colorectal cancer.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2007

Same author

Experimental study of environmental tobacco smoke particles under actual indoor environment.

The Science of the total environment·2006

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

DNA vaccines: a review.

¹Transgene, Strasbourg, France. liu@transgene.fr

Journal of Internal Medicine

|March 26, 2003

Summary

DNA vaccines offer a promising approach to generate diverse immunity, including T cell and antibody responses. This review covers their mechanisms, efficacy, limitations, and future developments for various diseases.

Area of Science:

Immunology and Vaccinology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

DNA vaccines utilize circular DNA (plasmids) encoding specific antigens to induce immune responses in mammalian cells.
This technology presents a versatile platform for generating cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL), T helper cell, and antibody immunity.
DNA vaccine technology offers potential for global application due to ease of manufacturing, broad administration, and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of DNA vaccine technology.
To review the mechanisms, preclinical, and clinical efficacy of DNA vaccines.
To discuss the limitations of first-generation DNA vaccines and highlight promising second-generation advancements.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on DNA vaccine mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation

Published on: August 21, 2019

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

Analysis of preclinical and clinical trial data for DNA vaccines.

Exploration of DNA vaccine applications in proteomics for gene function elucidation.

Main Results:

DNA vaccines effectively induce various types of immunity, including CTL, T helper cells, and antibodies.
The technology demonstrates broad applicability, ranging from infectious diseases to cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Second-generation DNA vaccines show promise in overcoming limitations of earlier versions.

Conclusions:

DNA vaccines represent a powerful and adaptable platform for diverse therapeutic and prophylactic applications.
Ongoing developments in DNA vaccine technology are expanding its potential in medicine and research.
The review underscores the significant potential of DNA vaccines for global health challenges.