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Influence of heart surgery on magnesium concentrations in pediatric patients
Kenji Hoshino1, Kiyoshi Ogawa, Takashi Hishitani
1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan. a0182608@pref.saitama.jp
Insights
Pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) experienced decreased magnesium levels post-surgery. However, magnesium concentrations recovered quickly and did not lead to increased dysrhythmia incidence.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Limited research exists on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) effects on pediatric magnesium (Mg) levels.
- Congenital heart disease repair often requires CPB in pediatric patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare postoperative Mg concentrations and recovery times to pre-surgical values in pediatric patients undergoing CPB.
- To assess the incidence of dysrhythmia in pediatric patients following CPB.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-seven pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery with CPB were studied.
- Twenty-three pediatric patients undergoing palliative surgery without CPB served as controls.
- Serum Mg (SMg) and ionized Mg (iMg) were measured pre-surgery and at 24 and 48 hours post-surgery.
Main Results:
- Open-heart surgery with CPB significantly decreased SMg and iMg concentrations immediately post-surgery (64.1% and 68.8% of pre-surgical values, respectively).
- Ionized Mg (iMg) demonstrated faster recovery, returning to normal levels within 48 hours post-surgery.
- No significant changes in Mg concentrations were observed in the non-CPB palliative surgery group.
- The incidence of dysrhythmia was similar between the CPB and non-CPB groups.
Conclusions:
- CPB in pediatric patients leads to a significant decrease in Mg concentrations.
- Mg levels recover rapidly post-CPB and do not appear to increase dysrhythmia risk.
- These findings are crucial for managing pediatric cardiac surgery patients.
Background:
There have been only a few investigations into the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the magnesium (Mg) concentrations in pediatric patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the postoperative Mg concentrations and their recovery time to pre-surgical values in pediatric patients undergoing CPB for surgical repair of congenital heart disease. The incidence of dysrhythmia was also determined.
Methods:
Twenty-seven pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery with CPB were enrolled in this study. Controls were 23 pediatric patients undergoing palliative surgery without CPB. Serum Mg (SMg) concentrations and ionized Mg (iMg) concentrations were measured at four sample points: 24 h before the surgery, immediately after the surgery, 24 h after the surgery and 48 h after the surgery.
Results:
Serum Mg and iMg concentrations were significantly decreased after open-heart surgery. Immediately after the surgery, the mean SMg concentration was 64.1% and the mean iMg concentration was 68.8% of the pre-surgical values. The concentration of iMg showed quicker recovery than that of SMg, and returned to normal range 48 h after surgery. However, SMg and iMg concentrations after palliative surgery did not show significant differences from the pre-surgical values. The incidence of dysrhythmia was almost the same between the two groups; dysrhythmia was observed in two patients in the open-heart surgery group and in three patients in the palliative surgery group.
Conclusions:
Mg concentrations showed significant decrease after CPB; however, they showed quick recovery and did not increase the incidence of dysrhythmia in pediatric patients.