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Oral immunization with recombinant Yersinia enterocolitica expressing a measles virus CD4 T cell epitope protects

Iris Gundel1, Gerald Weidinger1, Volker Ter Meulen1

  • 1Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.

The Journal of General Virology
|March 26, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Oral immunization with a modified Yersinia enterocolitica strain expressing a measles virus protein fragment induced a protective T helper type 1 immune response in mice, offering defense against measles virus-induced encephalitis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Microbial Genetics

Background:

  • Measles virus (MeV) causes severe encephalitis, a significant global health concern.
  • Current MeV vaccines are effective but require parenteral administration.
  • Developing alternative, orally deliverable vaccines is a key research objective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an orally administered, attenuated Yersinia enterocolitica vaccine candidate expressing a fragment of the MeV nucleocapsid protein (NCP).
  • To investigate the type of immune response elicited by this novel vaccine strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an attenuated Yersinia enterocolitica strain engineered to express a specific fragment (amino acids 79-161) of the MeV NCP using its type III secretion system.
  • Oral immunization of C3H mice with the engineered Yersinia strain.
  • Assessment of the induced immune response, specifically T helper type 1 (Th1) cell activity.
  • Evaluation of protection against subsequent challenge with live measles virus, analyzing time- and dose-dependency.

Main Results:

  • Oral immunization successfully induced a significant T helper type 1 (Th1) immune response in C3H mice.
  • The induced Th1 response conferred a notable degree of protection against measles virus-induced encephalitis.
  • Protection was observed to be dependent on both the dose of the vaccine administered and the time elapsed post-immunization.

Conclusions:

  • An orally delivered, attenuated Yersinia enterocolitica vaccine vector expressing a measles virus NCP fragment is capable of eliciting a protective Th1 immune response.
  • This novel oral immunization strategy shows promise for conferring protection against measles virus encephalitis, warranting further investigation.

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