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Immunonutrients and neonates.

Ying Huang¹, Xiao Mei Shao¹, Josef Neu²

¹Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

European Journal of Pediatrics

|March 26, 2003

Summary

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This review explores how specific nutrients can enhance the immune system in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition. These immunonutrients may play a crucial role in improving outcomes for vulnerable populations.

Area of Science:

Clinical Nutrition
Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

The gastrointestinal tract is a major entry point for pathogens and toxins.
Critically ill patients are at risk for gut dysfunction, infection, and organ failure.
Enteral feeding is increasingly used, highlighting the gut's role in critical illness.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of specific nutrients as immunonutrients in neonatal care.
To discuss the potential benefits of immune-enhancing ingredients in enteral feedings.

Main Methods:

Literature review of nutrients and their immunomodulatory effects.
Discussion of specific compounds including glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides, probiotics, and lactoferrin.

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Main Results:

Certain nutrients possess immune-enhancing properties relevant to clinical applications.
These immunonutrients may modulate the gut's response to critical illness.

Conclusions:

Nutrients like glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides, probiotics, and lactoferrin show promise as immunonutrients.
Further research and application in neonatal clinics are warranted to optimize patient outcomes.