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Probing polymerization forces by using actin-propelled lipid vesicles.

Arpita Upadhyaya1, Jeffrey R Chabot, Albina Andreeva

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 27, 2003
PubMed
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Actin polymerization drives cell movement by generating forces that deform vesicles. These forces depend on membrane shape, leading to propulsion or retraction and eventual detachment.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Actin polymerization is crucial for cell motility.
  • The exact biophysical mechanisms of actin-based force generation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively measure actin polymerization forces.
  • To investigate the biophysical mechanisms of force generation in cell motility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized lipid vesicles coated with Listeria monocytogenes ActA.
  • Measured forces by analyzing vesicle deformations using a model of osmotic pressure and membrane stretching.

Main Results:

  • Actin polymerization forces are dependent on local membrane curvature, exerting either retractile or propulsive forces.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Strong binding between the actin gel and the vesicle membrane was observed.
  • Force-induced rupture of actin-membrane bonds leads to vesicle detachment.

    • Conclusions:

    • Actin polymerization forces are spatially regulated by membrane curvature.
    • The dynamics of actin-based motility involve a balance of forces and membrane-actin interactions.