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Hematologic changes associated with weekly low-dose cisplatin administration in dogs.
Kevin A. Hahn1, Barton W. Rohrbach, Alfred M. Legendre
1Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
|January 1, 1997
Summary
Weekly low-dose cisplatin (20 mg/m(2) IV) is safe for tumor-bearing dogs but can cause significant declines in leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Limit cisplatin treatments to five consecutive doses to mitigate toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy agent in veterinary medicine.
- Understanding the systemic toxicity of cisplatin at specific doses and schedules is crucial for safe and effective treatment protocols.
- Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy are common treatment modalities for solid tumors in dogs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively evaluate the systemic toxicity of weekly low-dose cisplatin (20 mg/m(2) IV) administered prior to localized irradiation in dogs with solid malignancies.
- To determine the safety and hematological effects of repeated cisplatin administration in this canine model.
- To establish guidelines for the maximum number of consecutive cisplatin treatments.
Main Methods:
- Eleven dogs with solid malignancies received weekly intravenous cisplatin at a dose of 20 mg/m(2).
- Dogs were monitored for systemic toxicity, including blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine specific gravity, and complete blood counts.
- The study prospectively recorded the number of cisplatin doses administered and any treatment-related adverse events.
Main Results:
- Repeated weekly administration of cisplatin resulted in significant decreases in leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, and platelet counts.
- These hematological changes were dose-dependent and correlated with the number of cisplatin treatments received.
- No significant alterations in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, or urine specific gravity were observed during the treatment period.
Conclusions:
- Weekly low-dose cisplatin (20 mg/m(2) IV) is generally safe for tumor-bearing dogs when used in conjunction with localized irradiation.
- The observed significant declines in leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts indicate potential myelosuppression.
- It is recommended that weekly cisplatin administration at this dose should not exceed five consecutive treatments to prevent excessive hematological toxicity.