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Related Experiment Videos

The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study.

J A Neder1, S Dal Corso, C Malaguti

  • 1Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit, Respiratory Division, Dept of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. albneder@pneumo.epm.br

The European Respiratory Journal
|March 29, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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Breathing patterns during exercise change with age and sex, becoming more rapid in older adults and females. However, the timing of breathing remains consistent across different age groups and sexes.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Assessing breathing patterns during exercise aids in understanding disease impacts and intervention effectiveness.
  • Sedentary individuals' breathing mechanics during submaximal exercise are not fully characterized across a wide age range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the pattern and timing of breathing during submaximal exercise in sedentary adults aged 20-80.
  • To identify demographic (age, sex) and anthropometric (height, weight) influences on breathing indices.
  • To establish reference equations for breathing parameters during incremental cycle ergometry.

Main Methods:

  • 120 sedentary adults (60 male/60 female, aged 20-80) underwent ramp incremental cycle ergometry.
  • Breathing pattern indices including tidal volume (VT)/inspiratory capacity, respiratory frequency, total respiratory time (Ttot), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), duty cycle (TI/Ttot), and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on selected submaximal ventilatory intensities.

    • Main Results:

    • Older age and female sex were linked to a more tachypnoeic (rapid) breathing pattern during isoventilation.
    • Total respiratory time (Ttot) decreased proportionally with reductions in inspiratory time (TI) and expiratory time (TE).
    • The duty cycle (TI/Ttot) remained constant across age groups and sexes, indicating consistent breathing timing.
    • Breathing pattern, but not timing, was influenced by weight and height.

    Conclusions:

    • Breathing pattern, not timing, is influenced by age, sex, height, and weight.
    • Reference equations are provided for clinically assessing breathing indices in sedentary adults.
    • These findings offer a baseline for evaluating ventilatory responses during exercise in diverse populations.