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Nucleation of solid solutions crystallizing from aqueous solutions.

Andrew Putnis1, Carlos M Pina, Jose M Astilleros

  • 1Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 29, 2003
PubMed
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This study explores salt crystallization from water, revealing how substrate structure impacts crystal growth. It details complex solid-solution crystal formation and oscillatory zoning, advancing crystal growth theories.

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Standard crystal-growth theories do not fully explain observed phenomena.
  • Substrate crystal structure's role in nucleation and growth requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nucleation and growth mechanisms of salts from aqueous solutions.
  • To explore the influence of substrate structure on crystal growth.
  • To understand the complex crystallization of solid solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Macroscopic and microscopic experiments were employed.
  • In situ observations using an atomic force microscope (AFM) in a fluid cell.
  • Studied the crystallization of barium sulfate (BaSO4) and strontium sulfate (SrSO4) as model systems.

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Main Results:

  • AFM observations revealed phenomena beyond standard theories, particularly substrate-controlled spiral growth and 2D nucleation.
  • Solid-solution crystal growth, exemplified by (Ba,Sr)SO4, is complex, with varying supersaturation for different compositions.
  • Simultaneous growth by different mechanisms and oscillatory compositional zoning were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate crystal structure significantly influences nucleation and growth mechanisms.
  • The interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics governs solid-solution crystallization.
  • AFM observations provide critical data for refining crystal growth theories.