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The Transition from Automatic to Controlled Processing.

Nestor Schmajuk1, Catalin V. Buhusi, Jeffrey A. Gray

  • 1Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, USA

Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society
|March 29, 2003
PubMed
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This study models how novelty and attention influence conscious processing. Dopamine agonists promote conscious awareness, while antagonists promote unconscious processing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The transition between automatic (unconscious) and controlled (conscious) processing is a key area in cognitive neuroscience.
  • Classical conditioning provides a framework for understanding how stimuli are processed.
  • The role of dopamine in modulating attention and conscious awareness is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the transition from automatic to controlled processing using a neural network model of classical conditioning.
  • To investigate how dopamine modulates novelty detection, attention, and conscious processing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a neural network model simulating classical conditioning.
  • Simulation of the effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the model's processing modes.

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Main Results:

  • Environmental stimuli are processed consciously when novelty and attention are high, and unconsciously otherwise.
  • Indirect dopamine agonists (e.g., amphetamine, nicotine) enhance novelty representation, increasing attention and conscious processing.
  • Dopamine antagonists (e.g., haloperidol) reduce novelty representation, decreasing attention and promoting unconscious processing.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating the shift between automatic and controlled cognitive processing.
  • The model provides a mechanistic explanation for how drugs affecting dopamine influence conscious awareness.