Encoded pattern classification using constructive learning algorithms based on learning vector quantization

A novel encoding technique is proposed for the recognition of patterns using four different techniques for training artificial neural networks (ANNs) of the Kohonen type. Each template or model pattern is overlaid on a radial grid of appropriate size, and converted to a two-dimensional feature array which then acts as the training input to the ANN. The first technique employs Kohonen's self-organizing network, each neuron of which is assigned, after training, the label of the model pattern. It is found that a graphical plot of the labels of the neurons exhibits clusters (which means in effect that the feature array pertaining to distorted versions of the same pattern belongs to a specific cluster), thereby justifying the coding strategy used in this paper. When the new, unknown pattern is input to the network, it is classified to have the same label of the neuron whose corresponding model pattern is closest to the given pattern. In an attempt to reduce the computational time and the size of the network, and simultaneously improve accuracy in recognition, Kohonen's learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithm is used to train the ANN. To further improve the network's performance and to realize a network of minimum size, two constructive learning algorithms, both based on LVQ, are proposed: (1) multi-step learning vector quantization (MLVQ), and (2) thermal multi-step learning vector quantization (TLVQ). When the proposed algorithms are applied to the classification of noiseless and noisy (and distorted) patterns, the results demonstrate that the pattern encoding strategy and the suggested training techniques for ANNs are efficient and robust. For lack of space, only the most essential results are presented here. For details, see Ganesh Murthy and Venkatesh (1996b).