Amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal perforation related to vitamin A deficiency

Corneal perforation is one of the most vision-threatening consequences of vitamin A deficiency. Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in a 36-year-old man who presented with bilateral corneal ulcers. There was a small, sharply demarcated superficial ulcer with crevices of surrounding keratinized epithelium converging on the ulcer and minimal infiltration at the inferior periphery of the right cornea. A 3-mm perforation on a 9 x 7-mm area of stromal melting was noticed in the left cornea. The serum vitamin A level was 14.0 microg/dL (normal, 24.57 to 105.71 microg/dL) at presentation. A biopsy of the right corneal epithelium was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation with debridement of the necrotic corneal stroma was performed on the left cornea. In addition to systemic vitamin A replacement, topical antibiotics and lubricants were also administered. The cornea ulcers healed in 10 days along with the restoration of the serum vitamin A level. The visual acuity improved from 20/250 to 20/20 in the right eye and from light perception to hand movement in the left eye at 3 months. Amniotic membrane transplantation could save eyes with corneal perforation related to vitamin A deficiency before reconstructive surgeries, such as penetrating keratoplasty, are necessary.