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Novel therapies for renal cell carcinoma--an update
1H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, MCC 4035, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. FishmaMN@moffitt.usf.edu
Abstract:
This article reviews the recent progress in the search for new treatments for renal cell cancer (RCC), based on a variety of preclinical models or strategies. Some recent clinical trials addressing migrating treatments from other cancers onto RCC and novel agents are discussed, as well as the molecular targets for some of the novel agents. Drugs oriented to histologically definable RCC features, such as the G250 antigen, and the receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, are reviewed. Drugs aimed at antiangiogenesis and perturbing features of the cell cycle are also mentioned, including preclinical and empirical experience. Molecular techniques in the study of von Hippel Lindau-related pathways and mRNA expression analyses are cited. Within the immune model of therapy, progress in the application of immune-related drugs including older cytokines (IL-2, IFN-alpha) and of newer cytokine-variant and other cytokines are discussed. Finally, cell-based therapies such as lymphocyte infusions, tumour-cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines and allogeneic mini-transplant are outlined. Although high percentage improvements in outcomes for metastatic RCC are not yet realised, the many fronts for scientific and clinical advances form some basis for optimism in the coming years.
Insights
Researchers are exploring novel treatments for renal cell cancer (RCC), including targeted therapies, antiangiogenesis drugs, and immunotherapies. While significant outcome improvements are pending, ongoing advances offer hope for future metastatic RCC treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Translational Medicine
- Cancer Therapeutics
Background:
- Renal cell cancer (RCC) remains a significant oncological challenge with ongoing needs for improved therapeutic strategies.
- Current treatment paradigms for RCC are evolving, necessitating a review of emerging preclinical and clinical advancements.
- Understanding the molecular underpinnings of RCC is crucial for developing targeted and effective therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent progress in the development of novel treatments for renal cell cancer (RCC).
- To discuss preclinical models, clinical trials, and molecular targets for emerging RCC therapies.
- To provide an overview of various therapeutic modalities, including targeted agents, antiangiogenesis strategies, and immunotherapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical models and strategies for renal cell cancer treatment.
- Analysis of clinical trials investigating novel agents and repurposed treatments for RCC.
- Examination of molecular targets, including G250 antigen, receptor tyrosine kinases, and cell cycle pathways.
- Evaluation of immunotherapeutic approaches, such as cytokines and cell-based therapies.
Main Results:
- Novel agents targeting specific RCC features (e.g., G250 antigen, EGFR) are under investigation.
- Antiangiogenesis and cell cycle-perturbing drugs show preclinical and empirical promise.
- Advances in understanding von Hippel-Lindau pathways and mRNA expression inform therapeutic development.
- Progress in immune-related therapies includes established cytokines (IL-2, IFN-alpha) and novel cytokine variants, alongside cell-based approaches.
Conclusions:
- While substantial improvements in metastatic RCC outcomes are not yet achieved, numerous scientific and clinical advancements are underway.
- Emerging targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and cell-based treatments offer a basis for optimism in advancing RCC care.
- Continued research into molecular pathways and novel therapeutic modalities is essential for future breakthroughs in renal cell cancer treatment.