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Viruses causing gastroenteritis.

I Wilhelmi1, E Roman, A Sánchez-Fauquier

  • 1Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sección de Virus Productores de Gastroenteritis, Madrid, Spain. iwilhelmi@hsvo.insalud.es

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|April 2, 2003
PubMed
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Viral acute gastroenteritis is a common global disease, especially in children. Advances in diagnostics have identified numerous viral causes, with rotavirus being a primary concern, highlighting the need for effective vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acute gastroenteritis is a prevalent worldwide illness, frequently caused by viruses, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • The identification of Norwalk virus has led to the discovery of numerous viral agents responsible for diarrheal diseases.
  • Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children under five years old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of viral etiologic agents causing acute gastroenteritis.
  • To highlight the impact of diagnostic advancements on understanding viral gastroenteritis.
  • To discuss the potential of future vaccine development, specifically for rotavirus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on viral gastroenteritis.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques including immunoassays and molecular biology.
  • Discussion of epidemiological data on viral causes of diarrhea.
  • Main Results:

    • Viruses are significant contributors to acute gastroenteritis globally.
    • Key viral agents include rotavirus, astrovirus, calicivirus, and enteric adenovirus.
    • Emerging viral pathogens such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses, and pestiviruses are increasingly recognized.
    • Diagnostic innovations have significantly enhanced the identification of these viruses.

    Conclusions:

    • A diverse range of viruses cause acute gastroenteritis, with significant implications for public health.
    • Improved diagnostic tools have expanded the understanding of viral gastroenteritis.
    • Development of a rotavirus vaccine holds promise for reducing severe diarrhea and mortality in children.