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Related Experiment Videos

Carbon monoxide and the nervous system.

J A Raub1, V A Benignus

  • 1United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Mail Code B-243-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. raub.james@epa.gov

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|April 2, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause central nervous system (CNS) effects. New research suggests higher carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels are needed to impair performance than previously thought.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas impairing oxygen delivery by binding to hemoglobin.
  • Acute and chronic CO exposure can lead to various central nervous system (CNS) effects.
  • Previous studies suggested lower COHb levels cause neurobehavioral deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the COHb levels required to induce neurobehavioral and visual deficits.
  • To review the physiological effects of COHb on the CNS.
  • To discuss chronic CO exposure, neuroglobin, endogenous CO functions, and sensitive populations.

Main Methods:

  • Critical literature review of behavioral and sensory effects of CO.
  • Interpretation of COHb's physiological effects on the CNS.

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  • Extrapolation from hypoxic hypoxia and rat behavioral studies to human CO exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • The re-evaluation suggests COHb levels of 15-20% are needed for a 10% reduction in behavioral or visual measurements.
    • This contrasts with earlier findings suggesting deficits at approximately 5% COHb.
    • The review covers chronic effects, neuroglobin, endogenous CO roles, and sensitive groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The threshold for CO-induced neurobehavioral impairment is higher than previously estimated.
    • Understanding CO's complex effects, including its endogenous roles, is crucial.
    • Further research is recommended to fully elucidate CO's impact on human health.