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Chemical characterization of rainwater at Singapore
G P Hu1, R Balasubramanian, C D Wu
1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Pulp and Environmental Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China. ppgphu@scut.edu.cn
Abstract:
A short term study of the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000 in Singapore. The rainwater was typically acidic with a mean pH of 4.2. Sulfate was the most abundant ion and comparable to the results reported for other industrialized regions. The concentrations of major ions (NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), SO(4)(2+), NO(3)(2-), Cl(-), HCOO(-), CH(3)COO(-)) varied monthly. Results show that local meteorological conditions influence the chemical compositions to a significant extent. The pollutants in rainwater were derived from long range and local (industry and traffic) sources.