Treatment of dystonia

Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of dystonia consist primarily of pharmacologic, surgical, and supportive approaches. Many recent advances have been made in the treatment of dystonia with newer medications, availability of different botulinum toxins, and surgical procedures. However, these treatment modalities all have limiting factors and varying levels of efficacy. Studies range from case reports and open-label trials to double-blind placebo-controlled trials. More research and larger studies are needed to explore these newer medications and surgical techniques for both primary focal and generalized dystonia. Studies in functional outcome and quality of life further support the importance of discovering safe and effective means to treat dystonia. An algorithmic approach may be useful to guide the physician along the various treatment choices.