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Smoking raises the risk of total and ischemic strokes in hypertensive men

Kazumasa Yamagishi1, Hiroyasu Iso, Akihiko Kitamura

  • 1Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennnodai, Tsukuba, Japan.

Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
|April 5, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Heavy cigarette smoking significantly increases stroke and coronary heart disease risk in Japanese men. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of these cardiovascular diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Tobacco Control

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
  • The association between smoking and stroke/coronary heart disease (CHD) risk requires further investigation in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Japanese men.
  • To quantify the excess risk associated with smoking, particularly among hypertensive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A 14-year prospective study involving 3,626 Japanese men aged 40-69.
  • Exclusion of participants with pre-existing stroke or CHD history.
  • Statistical analysis adjusted for age and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Current smokers of >20 cigarettes/day had a 1.6-fold increased risk of total stroke (RR=1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4) compared to never-smokers.
  • The risk was higher for ischemic stroke (RR=2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-5.0) among hypertensive smokers.
  • A 4.6-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease (RR=4.6; 95% CI, 1.6-12.9) was observed in heavy smokers.

Conclusions:

  • Current smoking of over 20 cigarettes daily significantly elevates the risk of total and ischemic stroke in middle-aged Japanese men.
  • Hypertensive smokers face a particularly elevated risk of stroke.
  • Smoking cessation is crucial for reducing cardiovascular disease burden in this population.

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