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Ecological effects of particulate matter.

D A Grantz1, J H B Garner, D W Johnson

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Air Pollution Research Center, University of California at Riverside, Kearney Agricultural Center, 9240 South Riverbend Avenue, 93648, Parlier, CA, USA. david@uckac.edu

Environment International
|April 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) impacts ecosystems through its chemical constituents, affecting plant physiology and soil nutrient cycling. While site-specific effects are clear, large regional threats from unspeciated PM are not yet supported by evidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is chemically diverse, with effects on ecosystems determined by constituent mass loading.
  • PM deposition varies spatially and temporally, complicating regional impact predictions.
  • Particle size distribution influences deposition and the chemical constituents impacting ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the ecological impacts of atmospheric particulate matter (PM).
  • To understand how PM constituents and size influence vegetation and soil processes.
  • To assess the regional effects of PM on ecosystems and their interaction with climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PM effects on vegetation and soil.

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  • Analysis of PM deposition mechanisms (size distribution, chemistry).
  • Examination of PM interactions with plant physiology (photosynthesis, leaf injury) and soil biogeochemistry (nutrient cycling, pH).

    • Main Results:

    • PM constituents, not just mass, drive ecosystem effects.
    • Direct deposition can cause plant abrasion, reduced photosynthesis, and leaf injury.
    • Soil deposition impacts nitrogen cycling and pH via rhizosphere microbial communities.
    • PM can influence regional climate through effects on radiation interception and precipitation.

    Conclusions:

    • Site-specific and constituent-specific effects of PM on ecosystems are identifiable.
    • Evidence for large-scale regional threats from unspeciated PM is currently lacking.
    • Interactions between PM, other pollutants, and climate change require further research for ecosystem stability assessment.