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Cough syncope from constrictive pericarditis: a case report.

Rajat Dhar1, Robert J Duke, Brian J Sealey

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Center, The University of Western Ontario, London. rdhar@owo.ca

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|April 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Cough syncope, often linked to lung issues, can be caused by constrictive pericarditis. This case study shows a patient cured by pericardiectomy, highlighting a novel cause for this fainting condition.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cough syncope is typically associated with obstructive pulmonary disorders.
  • The underlying cause is often attributed to hemodynamic changes from an exaggerated Valsalva maneuver.
  • Identifying a specific, correctable lesion precipitating cough syncope is rare.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy male presented with tussive syncope (cough syncope).
  • The patient was diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis.
  • The syncope resolved completely after pericardiectomy.

Findings:

  • This case presents constrictive pericarditis as a novel cause of cough syncope.
  • Constrictive pericarditis can induce hemodynamic changes that reduce cerebral perfusion during coughing.
  • The patient's condition was successfully treated with pericardiectomy.

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Implications:

  • This case expands the known causes of tussive syncope.
  • It supports the pathophysiological model of syncope induced by impaired cardiac filling and reduced cerebral perfusion.
  • Highlights the importance of considering cardiovascular causes in unexplained cough syncope.