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Related Experiment Videos

Geniohyoid muscle function in awake canines.

M Yokoba1, H G Hawes, P A Easton

  • 1Department of Critical Care, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|April 8, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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The geniohyoid muscle in awake dogs is electrically inactive during normal breathing but actively contracts during swallowing. It lengthens passively during resting and stimulated breathing, and even when resisting airflow.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Respiratory Mechanics
  • Upper Airway Function

Background:

  • The geniohyoid muscle's role in breathing is unclear in awake mammals.
  • Previous studies in anesthetized cats showed no activity, contrasting with awake humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical action and electrical activity of the geniohyoid muscle in awake, nonanesthetized canines during respiration and swallowing.
  • To determine if the geniohyoid muscle contributes to breathing mechanics in awake mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Sonomicrometry transducers and EMG electrodes were implanted in four canines.
  • Muscle length, shortening, and EMG activity were recorded during quiet breathing, CO2-stimulated breathing, inspiratory-resisted breathing, and airway occlusion.
  • Measurements were also taken during swallowing.

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Main Results:

  • The geniohyoid muscle showed no phasic EMG activity and minimal lengthening during quiet and CO2-stimulated breathing.
  • During inspiratory-resisted breathing and airway occlusion, the geniohyoid exhibited phasic EMG activity but still lengthened.
  • The geniohyoid muscle shortened significantly (9.31% change) with increased EMG activity (6.44 V) during swallowing.

Conclusions:

  • The geniohyoid muscle in awake canines is electrically inactive and passively lengthens during resting and stimulated breathing.
  • Geniohyoid muscle contraction and electrical activity are primarily associated with swallowing, not respiration in awake dogs.
  • Even against inspiratory resistance, the geniohyoid muscle lengthens during inspiration, suggesting a passive role in breathing mechanics.