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[The distribution and detection of androgen receptor in extra-testis tissues]
Lei-Lei Cheh1, Bing Yao, Yu-Feng Huang
1Laboratory of Reproduction & Genetics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
Abstract:
Androgen receptor(AR) plays an important role in modulating the effects of androgen on target cells. It is well known that AR is mainly existed in testis. This paper reviewed the distribution of AR and its mRNA in prostate, epididymis, skin of penis, and some other tissues in non-genital system and tumors, such as the skin of scalp, hippocampus, fat, gastric cancer, cancer of larynx, and so on. Besides, this paper also reviewed the detection methods to AR, and further investigated the function of androgen.
Insights
The androgen receptor (AR) is crucial for androgen effects and found beyond the testes. This review details AR distribution in various tissues and tumors, aiding in understanding androgen function.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Context:
- The androgen receptor (AR) is a key mediator of androgen signaling in target cells.
- While primarily known for its presence in the testes, AR expression extends to other tissues.
- Understanding AR distribution is vital for comprehending androgen-dependent processes.
Purpose:
- To comprehensively review the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) and its messenger RNA (mRNA) across various tissues.
- To explore AR expression in both normal non-genital tissues and diverse tumor types.
- To summarize current AR detection methodologies and discuss the broader functions of androgens.
Summary:
- This review consolidates information on AR and AR mRNA distribution, including genital tissues (prostate, epididymis, penis skin) and non-genital sites (scalp skin, hippocampus, fat).
- It also examines AR presence in malignancies such as gastric cancer and laryngeal cancer.
- The paper further covers methods for detecting AR and elaborates on the functional roles of androgens.
Impact:
- Provides a foundational resource for researchers investigating androgen signaling pathways.
- Highlights potential roles of AR in non-traditional sites, opening avenues for new research in oncology and neuroscience.
- Facilitates a better understanding of androgen receptor's involvement in various physiological and pathological conditions.