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Overview of post-traumatic stress.
Ann M Mitchell1, Teresa J Sakraida, Kirstyn Kameg
1University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 415 Victoria Building, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Summary
This article explains the acute stress response and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It details PTSD symptoms, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria for clinical nursing assessment.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- The acute stress response is a critical physiological and psychological reaction to perceived threats.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can arise following exposure to traumatic events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the acute stress response.
- To detail the theoretical underpinnings and clinical manifestations of PTSD.
- To establish a foundation for nursing assessment and intervention.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on theoretical frameworks of stress.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and symptom clusters for PTSD.
- Exploration of risk factors associated with trauma.
Main Results:
- The acute stress response involves complex neurobiological pathways.
- PTSD is characterized by distinct symptom clusters including re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal.
- Specific risk factors increase vulnerability to developing PTSD.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the acute stress response is crucial for comprehending PTSD.
- Accurate identification of PTSD symptoms and risk factors informs effective nursing care.
- Clinical implications highlight the need for targeted nursing assessments.